![]() ![]() During these two periods of foreign rule, Egypt became a crossroads for the entire Mediterranean, inhabited not only by indigenous Egyptians but also Greeks, Jews, and many others. In 31 BCE, Octavian’s victory over the last Ptolemaic ruler, Cleopatra VII, led to Egypt’s incorporation into the Roman Empire and the beginning of another major new era of Egyptian (and Mediterranean) history. Following Alexander’s death, a Greco-Macedonian dynasty-the Ptolemies-obtained control of Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Egyptianizing Cults in the Greco-Roman WorldĪlexander’s conquest of Egypt in 332 BCE heralded two lengthy periods of foreign rule over the ancient civilization of the Nile.“Egyptomania” and the Image of Egypt Abroad.Topographies and Toponyms of Greco-Roman Egypt.Encyclopedias, Guidebooks, and Textbooks.Languages, Texts, Textual Evidence, and Literary Culture. ![]()
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